Modulation

MODULATION is a process which results in a shift of tonal center or a KEY CHANGE.

There are three types of modulation.  Most modulations occur between closely related keys which are those keys that differ by no more than one accidental in the key signature and their relative minors. (see chart)

COMMON CHORD MODULATION:  

A common chord is one that is common to two keys offering a smooth transition from the first to the next.  The spelling of the chord is the same in both keys.   This common chord is called a Pivot Chord and the analysis looks like this: 

Where can Common Chords occur?  Create a chart of both keys.

           G     A     B     C     D     E     F      G

           E     F     G     A      B     C     D     E

           C     D     E     F     G     A      B     C

CM:     I      ii     iii     IV     V    vi     vii0   I 

GM:   IV     V     vi     vii0     I     ii     iii    IV             



Because the keys of CM and GM share the same four chords, those become the Pivot Chords and provide the possibilities for modulation from one key to the next.

PHRASE MODULATION:

Also known as a Direct Modulation. occurs when a phrase comes to a cadence in the first key and the next phrase begins a new key.

CHROMATIC MODULATION:

Occurs at the point of a chromatic progression involving the chromatic inflection of one or more tones.  Chromatic modulations often occur in passages where the two keys involved are not closely related.  

Closely Related Keys.pdf
Closely Related Keys-answer Key.pdf
14.2.pdf
14.2-Answer Key.pdf
14.3.pdf
14.3 p 1.pdf
14.3 p 3.pdf
14.3 p 2.pdf
14.5-Analysis.pdf
14.5-Analysis-Answer Key.pdf
14. b.c.d.e..pdf
14. b.c.d.e.Answer Key.pdf
14. 4.5.6.7..pdf
14. 4.5.6.7.Answer Key.pdf